Process of separation in which all, or part, of the very fine particles, molecules or ions, of a mixture are retained by the membrane through which the liquid passes under the action of pressure. A membrane is a porous (or dense) yet thin layer of material (a few millimetres).
Microfiltration is distinguished by its retention of particles and colloids; ultrafiltration for macromolecules; nanofiltration for small molecules and the largest ions; and finally, reverse osmosis for smallest molecules and ions.
